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Basin and Range Province, California to Utah

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Basin and Range Province, California to Utah

IN PHOTOS

The Basin and Range Province is marked by alternating mountain ranges and basins. Geologically, the mountains rise and tilt along normal fault zones, while the basins drop and tilt along the faults. Individual fault-bounded blocks are typically called “tilted fault blocks”. A simple cross-section across several ranges is illustrated in the diagram below.

A line of tilted fault blocks.

Tilted fault-block ranges, as seen in the Basin and Range Province.

Of course, the best way to see this aspect of the landscape is from the air. Below are 12 aerial images that show parts of the Basin and Range Province, from California across Nevada to Utah, and even up to Oregon. Click on any of these photos to see or download them at higher resolutions.

The Sierra Nevada rises along a series of normal and strike-slip faults in the Owens Valley of California to mark the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada. This fault last slipped during the M7.4 Owens Valley Earthquake of 1872. Note the cinder cone--several recent basaltic lava flows have erupted along the trace of the fault. Click here for a photo of the fault scarp of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake.

Owens Valley and Sierra Nevada

The Sierra Nevada rises along a series of normal and strike-slip faults in the Owens Valley of California to mark the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada. This fault last slipped during the M7.4 Owens Valley Earthquake of 1872. Note the cinder cone--several recent basaltic lava flows have erupted along the trace of the fault. (SrA-15).
The Sierra Nevada rises along a series of normal and strike-slip faults. Here, the range rises abruptly behind Mono Lake, an alkaline lake with no natural outlet. The concentric rings around the lake are ancient shorelines, called strandlines, from higher stands of the lake. (ID: IMG_7993)

The Sierra Nevada and Mono Lake

Aerial view of Sierra Nevada and Mono Lake. The Sierra rises along a series of normal and strike-slip faults. Here, the range rises abruptly behind Mono Lake, an alkaline lake with no natural outlet. The concentric rings around the lake are ancient shorelines, called strandlines, from higher stands of the lake. (ID: IMG_7993)

Basin and Range Province, CA-NV

Aerial view of several parallel mountain ranges and intervening basins between the Last Chance Range and Eureka Valley (in Death Valley National Park) and the Sierra Nevada. The Eureka Sand dunes can be seen in the lower left part of the photo. (ID: IMG_7973)
Playa and tilted fault block, Nevada. (ID: SrA-06)

Wineglass Canyon, Death Valley, CA.

Aerial view of wineglass Canyons and fault-controlled mountain front, Death Valley National Park, California. Wineglass canyons, named for their steep, narrow mouths and broader, gentler upper reaches, (they look a little like wineglasses) indicate recent uplift activity on the bounding fault zone. Faulting continually uplifts the front of the canyon, so that erosion does not have time to widen it. Consequently, the canyon mouth retains a steep and narrow shape. (ID: SrA-06)
Bare Mountain, a tilted fault block in western Nevada. Bare Mountain, just south of Beatty Nevada illustrates the defining structural style of Basin and Range extension: a tilted fault block. Its southern part consists of faulted Precambrian and Cambrian sedimentary rock. In this photo, one can see a large normal fault separating brown-colored Precambrian-Cambrian Wood Canyon Formation (below) faulted against lighter-colored Cambrian Carrara and Bonanza King Formations. The Carrara and Bonanza King formations show numerous smaller normal faults within them. (ID: IMG_5133)

Tilted fault block, Nevada

Aerial view of Bare Mountain, a tilted fault block in western Nevada. Bare Mountain, just south of Beatty Nevada illustrates the defining structural style of Basin and Range extension: a tilted fault block. Its southern part consists of faulted Precambrian and Cambrian sedimentary rock. In this photo, one can see a large normal fault separating brown-colored Precambrian-Cambrian Wood Canyon Formation (below) faulted against lighter-colored Cambrian Carrara and Bonanza King Formations. The Carrara and Bonanza King formations show numerous smaller normal faults within them. (ID: IMG_5133)
Numerous dry lake beds, or playas, occupy the basins of the Basin and Range Province; they used to be substantial lakes during the wetter climates of the Pleistocene. These playas contain a record of the lakes' highstands as a series of concentric rings, marking the ancient shorelines, called "strandlines". (ID: M-07)

Playa and tilted range, Nevada

Aerial view of playa and tilted fault block, Nevada. Numerous dry lake beds, or playas, occupy the basins of the Basin and Range Province; they used to be substantial lakes during the wetter climates of the Pleistocene. These playas contain a record of the lakes' highstands as a series of concentric rings, marking the ancient shorelines, called "strandlines". (ID: M-07)
Numerous dry lake beds, or playas, occupy the basins of the Basin and Range Province; they used to be substantial lakes during the wetter climates of the Pleistocene. They are typically very light colored, as they consist of fine-grained clastic material along with salts, deposited during evaporation. A playa occupies the foreground of this photo. Behind it are a series of tilted fault-block ranges. Note the playa in the background. (ID: Dep-27)

Playas and parallel ranges, Nevada

Aerial view. Numerous dry lake beds, or playas, occupy the basins of the Basin and Range Province; they used to be substantial lakes during the wetter climates of the Pleistocene. (ID: Dep-27)
Steens Mountain, a tilted fault-block in southern Oregon. The Basin and Range Province extends northward into Oregon, as can be seen here in this view south towards Steens Mountain. The frontal fault of the range runs along its eastern base, and in classic tilted fault-block style, the range tilts back away from the fault, towards the west. Steens Mountain consists mostly of Miocene basalt. (ID: 30-3381)

Steens Mountain, southern Oregon

Steens Mountain, a tilted fault-block in southern Oregon. The Basin and Range Province extends northward into Oregon, as can be seen here in this view south towards Steens Mountain. The frontal fault of the range runs along its eastern base, and in classic tilted fault-block style, the range tilts back away from the fault, towards the west. Steens Mountain consists mostly of Miocene Steens Basalt. (ID: 30-3381)
Cedar City, Utah and Hurricane Fault. At the eastern edge, Cedar City, Utah. Cedar City, Utah occupies the valley adjacent to the Hurricane fault, which marks the eastern edge of the Basin and Range Province. East of the Hurricane fault is the Colorado Plateau region, which is much less deformed than the Basin and Range. (ID: SrA-25)

W edge of Colorado Plateau

Aerial view of Cedar City, Utah and Hurricane Fault. The normal fault marks the western edge of the Colorado Plateau and eastern edge of the Basin and Range. (ID: SrA-25)
The eastern edge: Mt. Timpanogos, in the Wasatch Range of Utah. Mt. Timpanogos is the second highest peak of the Wasatch Range, at an elevation of 11749'. The Wasatch Range rises along the Wasatch fault, which is an active fault, and so poses a significant earthquake hazard to the Salt Lake City region. As evidence of recent faulting, two wineglass canyons can be seen behind the fault on the right side of the photo. (ID: 477-89)

Wasatch Mtns, E edge of Basin-Range

The eastern edge: Mt. Timpanogos, in the Wasatch Range of Utah. Mt. Timpanogos is the second highest peak of the Wasatch Range, at an elevation of 11749'. The Wasatch Range rises along the Wasatch fault, which is an active fault, and so poses a significant earthquake hazard to the Salt Lake City region. As evidence of recent faulting, two wineglass canyons can be seen behind the fault on the right side of the photo. (ID: 477-89)

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Geology of San Andreas Fault, CaliforniaView southwestward over San Andreas fault to Pinnacles National Monument. The fault runs along the base of the hills in the middle ground. Pinnacles consist of 23.5 Ma felsic and intermediate volcanic rock; it is visible as the north tilted layers near the center of the photo. Similar rock is found in only one other place on the other side of the fault: 315 km to the south in the "Neenach Volcanic field".Igneous
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